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What types of data are used in making GII score evaluations?

There are three (3) types of data used in GII data evaluation:

  1. Quantitative/objective data/hard data: This includes data obtained from public and private sources such as UNESCO, WIPO, Thomson Reuters, and others.
  2. Composite data/index: This comprises composite data from certain agencies and academic institutions such as the World Bank, UN Public Administration Network (UNPAN), International Telecommunication Union, and others.
  3. Qualitative data/survey/soft data: These are data obtained from surveys such as the Executive Opinion Survey conducted by the World Economic Forum, the Malaysian Productivity Corporation, and others.
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